Samudraguptas dakshinapatha campaign...
What is the real
reason behind the campaign?? Is it plunder of wealth for one time? Because he
couldn't continue to collect wealth as approval of suzerainty for long... He
didn't even annex.
Few sources say it is
to promote vaishnavism to the south can be seen as foundations for Hinduism in
south??... I could see this answer from few sources but couldn't substantiate
much.
The main source throwing light on the military exploits of
Samudragupta is the Allahabad pillar inscription which was composed by his
court poet Harisena. The long Inscription enumerates the people and countries
conquered by Samudragupta.
The places and the countries conquered by Samudragupta can
be divided into five groups.
Group one includes the princes of the Ganga-Yamuna doab who
were defeated and whose kingdoms were incorporated into the Gupta Empire. Here
the Achutas, Nagasena and Kotas. In all nine kings of Aryavrata including
Rudradeva, Mattila were defeated.
Group two includes the rulers of the eastern Himalayan
states and some frontier states such as Samatata, Davaka, Kamarupa, Nepala,
Kartipura. It also covers some of the republics of Punjab like Malavas,
Arjunayas, Yaudheyas, Madrakas, Abhiras, etc. The republics which flickered on
the ruins of the Mauryan Empire were finally destroyed by Samudragupta.
Group three includes the forest kingdoms situated in the
Vindhyan region and known as Atavika rajyas, they were brought under the
control of Samudragupta.
Group four includes the twelve states of the eastern Deccan
and south India. This campaign is known as the Dakshinapatha campaign. The
rulers here were conquered and liberated.
Group five includes the names of Shakas and the Kushanas,
some of them ruling in Afghanistan. It is said that Samudragupta swept them out
of power and received the submission of rulers of distant lands.
The main factor that guided Samudragupta in his campaign was
1) His imperial ambition to extend the influence of Gupta
dynasty to as far area as possible.
2) Geo political factor. The Nagas were important power in
Aryavrata region. So, in any scheme of expansion of Gupta Empire, it was but
natural that the Nagas would have to be subjugated first.
3) Economic factors were also paramount, as this was
especially true of the Dakshinapath campaign, Samudragupta was lured by the
rich wealth he could acquire as presents and tributes from the southern states.
Conclusion: The policies adopted in terms of conquests by
Samudragupta varied. While for the states of Aryavrata, he adopted the policy
of complete subjugation and annexation of their territories, in case of south
India, he was content at establishing his suzerainty and extracting tribute
from them. Towards tribal and frontier states, the policy was no more than
extending some sort of general control.
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